Before new genetically engineered (GE) plant varieties can be grown as commercial crops, researchers must test these plants in outdoor field trials to fully evaluate their agronomic utility and environmental impacts. Confined field trials (CFTs) are small-scale experimental trials of GE plant varieties, maintained under carefully controlled conditions, that are performed for the purpose of evaluating the plants before their introduction into agriculture. They represent a greater degree of environmental exposure than work performed in contained facilities, such as l
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